Cov dej puas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm Rotavap?
Apr 13, 2024
Tso lus
Dej tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawmrotary evaporation(rov qab). Txawm hais tias cov dej muaj qhov kub kub kub piv rau ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic feem ntau tshem tawm siv cov txheej txheem no, nws tseem tuaj yeem evaporated ntawm qhov txo qis thiab qhov kub siab.
Kev teeb tsa lub tshuab nqus tsev
Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj yog siv los txo qhov hnyav sab hauv lub tshuab evaporator revolving. Qhov no txo qis qhov bubbling point ntawm cov dej, tso cai rau nws mus rau dissipate ntawm qhov kub thiab txias qis dua nws cov bubbling point (100 degree los yog 212 degree F ntawm huab cua siab).
Cua sov da dej: Kev ntsuas dej yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hub hauv qab thiab muab tso rau hauv dej sov lossis roj da dej. Lub da dej kub yog teem rau hauv qab lub bubbling point ntawm dej kom dodge intemperate warming los yog bubbling ntawm tus qauv.
Rotating Jar:Lub round-bottomed carafe uas muaj qhov ntsuas dej yog tig los ua kom cov cheeb tsam saum npoo uncovered mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov no txhawb kev tsim cov khoom tawg ntawm cov dej atoms los ntawm cov kua theem.
Condenser:Raws li dej ploj los ntawm qhov kev sim, nws nce mus rau hauv lub condenser, qhov twg nws txias thiab condensed rov qab mus rau hauv cov kua dej. Cov dej condensed sau rau hauv ib qho kev faib khoom tau txais carafe lossis thawv.
Saib xyuas thiab tswj:Tsis muaj xws li da dej kub, nqus tsev vacuum, thiab tig ceev tau pom thiab sib npaug raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem dissipation.
Collection ntawm Buildup:Raws li dej ploj mus, cov kua dej uas seem hauv lub thawv puag ncig hauv qab tau txais kom muaj zog dua. Cov kev npaj siab los yog kev tsim kho tuaj yeem raug sau ua ntej npaj lossis tshawb xyuas.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm rotary evaporation yuav xav tau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab ua tib zoo tswj tsis tau vim nws qhov kub kub kub thiab nyiam tsim azeotropes nrog qee cov kuab tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj pob los yog foaming thaum lub sij hawm evaporation txheej txheem.
Nkag siab txog Rotary Evaporation
Ua ntej delving rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshem tawm dej, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tom qab rotary evaporation. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, rotary evaporation yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv qis siab thiab siab kub. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog muab cov tshuaj tso rau hauv lub khob, uas tom qab ntawd tig hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, ua kom yooj yim rau cov kuab tshuaj evaporation. Cov kuab tshuaj vapors yog tom qab condensed thiab sau, tawm hauv qab qhov xav tau solute nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv ntau concentrated.
Rotary evaporation, tseem hu ua rotovap los yog rotavap, yog cov txheej txheem siv dav hauv cov chaw soj nstuam thiab kev lag luam rau kev sib cais thiab lim dej los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis haum. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov kev txo qis thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias kom yooj yim rau evaporation ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thaum tawm hauv qab cov khoom xav tau.
Kev teeb tsa:Lub evaporator rotary apparatus muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb: ib puag ncig-bottomed flask, uas tuav cov qauv ua kua thiab hnyav; dej los yog roj da dej, uas muab cua sov maj mam; condenser, uas ua kom txias thiab condenses cov kuab tshuaj vapors; lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis, uas tsim ib lub tshuab nqus tsev nyob rau hauv lub system; thiab ib lub khob ntim kom tau txais cov kuab tshuaj condensed.
Kev npaj ua qauv:Cov qauv ua kua, feem ntau yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho hnyav hnyav, muab tso rau hauv lub khob ntim hauv qab. Tom qab ntawd lub raj mis txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob evaporator.
Vacuum Generation:Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis yog qhib kom txo qhov siab hauv qhov system. Qhov no txo qhov kub ntawm qhov hnyav, cia nws evaporate ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cua sov:Lub raj mis puag ncig hauv qab uas muaj cov qauv yog raus hauv dej kub lossis roj da dej. Lub da dej kub yog teem rau hauv qab ntawm lub boiling point ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tab sis siab txaus los pab evaporation tsis ua rau degradation ntawm lub xav compounds.
Kev sib hloov:Tag nrho lub hwj huam sib dhos, nrog rau cov qauv, yog tig. Kev sib hloov ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov kua uas raug rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, txhawb nqa evaporation zoo.
Evaporation:Raws li cov kuab tshuaj evaporates, nws cov vapors nce mus rau hauv lub condenser. Lub condenser cools thiab condenses cov vapors rov qab mus rau hauv daim ntawv kua, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev khiav mus rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov kuab tshuaj condensed sau rau hauv ib lub khob cais.
Saib xyuas thiab tswj:Cov tsis xws li da dej kub, nqus tsev vacuum, thiab kev sib hloov ceev yog saib xyuas thiab kho raws li qhov xav tau los ua kom zoo dua qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Residue Collection:Raws li cov kuab tshuaj evaporates, cov kua seem nyob rau hauv lub round-bottomed flask ua ntau concentrated. Cov concentrated residue no tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txuas uas xav tau thiab tuaj yeem sau rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv lossis kev tshuaj xyuas.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Rotavap hauv Kev Tshem Tawm Dej
Thaum rotary evaporation feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj organic, nws qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj dej. Dej, nrog nws qhov kub kub taw tes thiab muaj zog hydrogen bonding, nthuav cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb piv rau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, rotary evaporation tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm kev daws teeb meem.
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshem tawm dej siv lub pob khawm rotavap ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muaj cov txheej txheem pabcuam xws li azeotropic distillation. Los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev txaus txaus thiab ua tib zoo tswj qhov kub thiab txias, dej tuaj yeem evaporated thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj, txawm tias muaj kev siv zog ntau dua piv rau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov txheej txheem azeotropic distillation tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kuab tshuaj sib tov.
Cov ntawv thov hauv Small-Scale Laboratories
Lub versatility thiab compact xwm ntawm rotary evaporators ua rau lawv indispensable cuab yeej nyob rau hauv me me-scale chaw kuaj. Thaum cov chaw tsim khoom loj dua tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev tshem tawm cov dej, xws li cov kav dej distillation, cov chaw sim me me feem ntau cia siab rau rotavaps rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev siv yooj yim.
Hauv cov chaw sim me me, qhov chaw txwv thiab kev xav txog nyiaj txiag feem ntau hais txog kev xaiv cov khoom siv. Rotary evaporators, nrog rau lawv cov hneev taw me me thiab tus nqi pheej yig tus nqi taw tes, muab cov tshuaj txaus nyiam rau kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj, suav nrog dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov yooj yim tso cai rau kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv ntau yam kev sim teeb tsa, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los txhim kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho kev siv peev txheej.
Kev sib tw thiab kev txiav txim siab
Txawm hais tias nws siv tau, kev hloov pauv evaporation rau kev tshem tawm dej tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Lub siab latent kub ntawm vaporization cuam tshuam nrog dej yuav tsum tau ntev evaporation lub sij hawm thiab ceev faj qhov kub thiab txias los tiv thaiv cov qauv degradation. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj cov tshuaj tsis haum lossis cov ntaub ntawv kub-rhiab hauv cov tshuaj yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem evaporation nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv.
Txhawm rau txo cov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kho qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov evaporator teb, suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, kev sib hloov ceev, thiab cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb kom raug, xws li ua kom muaj cua txaus thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsim nyog, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm evaporation.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, thaum rotary evaporation yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj organic, nws daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv mus rau kev tshem tawm dej hauv qhov chaw sim me me. Los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov txheej txheem pabcuam, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv lub rotavap. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib tw, xws li lub sij hawm evaporation ntev dua thiab cov qauv rhiab heev, rotary evaporation tseem yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev concentration thiab purification nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev kuaj sim.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
ME Paulaitis, AK Rappaport, thiab SC Barton, "Rotary Evaporators for Laboratory and Pilot Work," American Laboratory, vol. 12, nr. XLIV, 1980, p.
AME Farrer, "Rotary evaporation ntawm volatile solvents los ntawm nplaim retardants," Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1112, Nr. 1-2, p. 295-298, 2006.
AG Mackenzie, "Siv cov evaporators teb nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam," Laboratory Practice, vol. 23, nr. 3, nr 2, 1974, p.