Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg kev saib xyuas
Sep 21, 2024
Tso lus
Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb, chemistry sawv ua tus ncej, tas li thawb tus ciam teb ntawm tib neeg kev nkag siab los ntawm kev sim ua kom zoo. Hauv plawv ntawm cov kev sim siab no muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv me me thiab cov khoom siv zoo, txhua tus tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau kev ntsuas, ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab cais cov sib xyaw ua ke raws li kev tswj xyuas. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej kuaj no tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev tu vaj tse niaj hnub; Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm kev sim cov txiaj ntsig, tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Kab lus no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg, qhia txog cov kev coj ua tseem ceeb, cov teeb meem, thiab cov tswv yim rau kev tu kom zoo.
Kev kho ntawm Laboratory Glassware
Chemistry Laboratory glassware, xws lierlenmeyer khob, yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom raug, kev nyab xeeb, thiab siv tau ntev. Nov yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm Erlenmeyer flasks:
Erlenmeyer flasks, paub txog lawv cov duab conical thiab lub qhov ncauj dav, pab kev sib xyaw thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam. Kev ntxuav tu tom qab siv txhua zaus yog qhov tseem ceeb. Pib los ntawm yaug lub khob nrog dej kais kom tshem tawm cov seem uas pom. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov tshuaj ntxuav me me diluted hauv dej sov kom ntxuav kom huv si, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov npoo thiab sab hauv qhov chaw uas cov kab mob tuaj yeem sib sau. Yaug kom huv si nrog dej distilled lossis deionized kom tshem tawm cov xab npum seem, vim tias cov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom neeg.
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Rau cov stains tawv tawv los yog cov khoom seem, xav txog kev siv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav tshwj xeeb, kom ntseeg tau tias nws tau sib xws nrog cov khoom siv ntawm lub raj mis thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau kev sim yav tom ntej. Tsis txhob txhuam cov sponges los yog cov tshuaj ntxuav uas yuav khawb lub iav, ua rau nws pom tseeb thiab kev ncaj ncees.
Tom qab ntxuav, cia lub raj mis kom qhuav kom qhuav los yog siv cov ntaub tsis muaj lint los tiv thaiv cov dej. Khaws Erlenmeyer flasks upright nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw huv si, tsis muaj plua plav kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab tej zaum yuav puas los ntawm stacking. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau cov kab nrib pleb, chips, lossis cov xim tsis zoo kuj raug pom zoo kom ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev saib xyuas no, Erlenmeyer flasks tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha rau ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tu
Ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees
Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm txuj ci. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas lossis kev sib kis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj, skewing tau thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, suav nrog kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas thiab tu cov txheej txheem, txo qhov tsis sib xws, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab rov tsim dua.
Txhim khu kev nyab xeeb
Chemistry Laboratories yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij, cov kua hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawg. Cov cuab yeej siv tsis raug lossis cov cuab yeej tswj tsis tau zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj xwm txheej, raug mob, lossis kev tuag. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kho raws sij hawm tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ua tsis tiav uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem, txhawb kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Nqi-zoo
Txawm hais tias tus nqi them ua ntej ntawm kev saib xyuas yuav zoo li lub nra hnyav, nws tsis zoo li piv rau cov nuj nqis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov cov khoom puas lossis kho qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm. Kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas txo qis qis qis, txuas ntxiv lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, thiab thaum kawg txuag cov chaw soj ntsuam tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag.
Ua raws li Txoj Cai
Ntau lub koom haum tswj hwm, xws li OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tswj hwm cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv. Kev ua raws li cov kev cai no tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum raug cai tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig kev tshawb fawb muaj koob npe.
Cov Kev Tswj Xyuas Tseem Ceeb
Kev tu tsis tu ncua yog tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tu cov cuab yeej siv. Nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv thiab nws raug rau cov tshuaj, cov sij hawm tu thiab txoj kev sib txawv. Cov iav, piv txwv li, yuav tsum tau muab yaug nrog dej, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab feem ntau deionized dej los yog cawv kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem. Cov cuab yeej siv hlau yuav xav tau kev kho tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tu uas tau tso cai kom tsis txhob ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj los yog qhia cov kab mob.
Calibration suav nrog kev kho qhov ntsuas ntsuas kom haum rau tus qauv paub, kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cuab yeej precision xws li kev sib npaug, spectrophotometers, thiab pipettes. Calibration yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov neeg tsim khoom cov lus pom zoo, feem ntau yog siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj siv. Kev txheeb xyuas tsis tu ncua, lossis kuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas ntsuas, kuj tseem ceeb kom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas.
Kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas (PM) suav nrog kev ntsuas ntsuas los txheeb xyuas thiab kho cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm ua ntej lawv ua tsis tiav. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau kev hnav thiab tsim kua muag, hloov cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua, lubricating cov khoom txav mus los, thiab kho cov chaw kom ua tau zoo. Lub sijhawm PM ua tiav, haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws thiab txo qis kev poob qis.
Kev khaws cia kom zoo thiab tuav cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm lawv txoj kev ncaj ncees. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw huv, qhuav, thiab qhov kub thiab txias los tiv thaiv corrosion, ya raws kev puas tsuaj, lossis qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm thauj los yog hloov chaw, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev poob siab, te, los yog kev vibration ntau dhau uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev cob qhia zoo tau zoo dua los ua haujlwm thiab tswj cov cuab yeej kom nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo. Kev cob qhia tsis tu ncua, ob qho tib si rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog, yuav tsum them rau kev siv kom raug, cov txheej txheem ntxuav, cov txheej txheem ntsuas, thiab cov txheej txheem xwm txheej ceev. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas ntsuas, thiab cov ntawv qhia ua haujlwm, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev taug qab cov khoom siv keeb kwm, txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv, thiab pab daws teeb meem.
Kev sib tw thiab cov tswv yim
Kev faib nyiaj txiag
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj yog kev ruaj ntseg txaus, suav nrog nyiaj txiag, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab sijhawm. Cov tswv yim los daws qhov no suav nrog kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas, siv cov peev txheej sib koom thiab kev txawj ntse los ntawm kev sib koom tes lossis kev tawm tswv yim, thiab tawm tswv yim rau kev faib nyiaj ntau ntxiv rau kev saib xyuas.
Technical complexity
Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj tau nce zuj zus, ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tu. Kev cob qhia tsis tu ncua, nkag mus rau kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, thiab tsim kom muaj kab lis kev cai ntawm kev kawm tas mus li hauv chav kuaj tuaj yeem pab txo qhov teeb meem no.
Kev ua raws cai thiab kev cai
Ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua raws cai yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Kev ua npe rau cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam, koom nrog cov kev pabcuam kev txhim kho, thiab tsim kev koom tes nrog cov koom haum tswj hwm tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev ua raws cai thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov chaw soj nstuam tseem nyob nrog cov kev cai tshiab kawg.
Xaus
Kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv kev ncaj ncees, kev nyab xeeb, kev siv nyiaj zoo, thiab kev ua raws cai. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev saib xyuas zoo, suav nrog kev tu kom zoo, kev ntsuas ntsuas, kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas, kev cia thiab tuav kom zoo, kev cob qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov chaw soj nstuam tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias lawv cov cuab yeej tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pom zoo, txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua. Tau ntsib cov kev sib tw ua ntej los ntawm kev faib cov peev txheej, kev kawm tas mus li, thiab kev ntsuas kev ua raws li kev ua tau zoo, cov chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv cov peev txheej, tiv thaiv lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg kev nkag siab.