Rotovap: Yuav siv li cas?
Apr 09, 2024
Tso lus
Siv a rotary evaporator(rotovap) muaj ob peb kauj ruam los ua kom zoo mloog zoo los yog ntxuav cov kuab tshuaj. Nov yog cov lus qhia dav dav txog kev siv rotovap:
Kev teeb tsa:
Xyuas kom meej tias lub rotary evaporator yog teem rau ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab theem nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo-ventilated.
Sib sau ua ke cov khoom siv iav, suav nrog lub khob boiling, condenser, thiab tau txais lub hwj, raws li cov neeg tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Xyuas kom txhua qhov kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg.
Hwj chim On:
Qhib lub ntsiab fais fab hloov ntawm lub rotovap. Qee cov qauv yuav muaj cov keyboards cais rau lub rhaub dej da dej thiab lub cav sib hloov.
Npaj tus qauv:
Muab cov qauv tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub tais diav. Cov qauv tuaj yeem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas koj xav kom mloog zoo lossis ua kom huv.
Teeb Parameters:
Teem cov yam tsis xav tau ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag ntawm rotovap. Qhov no suav nrog:
Kev sib hloov ceev: Kho qhov kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub raj mis kom txhawb nqa evaporation zoo.
Bath kub: Teem qhov kub ntawm lub cua sov da dej mus rau qhov xav tau qib rau evaporation.
Nqus theem: Yog xav tau lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation, teeb lub tshuab nqus tsev xav tau.
Pib Rotation:
Ua kom lub cev muaj zog tig kom pib tig lub khob cawv. Maj mam nce qhov kev sib hloov ceev mus rau qib uas xav tau.
Thov Vacuum:
Yog hais tias lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog tsim nyog, tig lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis thiab kho lub nqus tsev vacuum mus rau qhov xav tau. Saib xyuas lub ntsuas ntsuas kom paub meej tias lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo.
Saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm:
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, saib xyuas cov txheej txheem evaporation, qhov kub thiab txias, kev sib hloov ceev, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis tu ncua. Ua ib qho kev hloov kho uas tsim nyog los tswj cov xwm txheej zoo rau evaporation.
Sau Distillate:
Raws li cov qauv evaporates, cov vapors yuav condense nyob rau hauv lub condenser thiab sau nyob rau hauv lub txais lub hwj. Saib xyuas qhov ntim thiab purity ntawm cov distillate sau thaum cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus.
Kev kaw:
Thaum qhov xav tau concentration lossis purification tiav, ua tib zoo nres lub cav sib hloov thiab cov cua sov da dej. Tua lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis thiab cia lub kaw lus kom txias ua ntej disassemble los yog tu.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm koj tus qauv rotovap, vim cov txheej txheem yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm cov qauv sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyuas kom meej tias koj tau txais kev cob qhia thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.
Kev khiav haujlwmCov ntsiab cai ntawm Rotovap
Hauv nws qhov tseem ceeb, arotary evaporatorua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm evaporation nyob rau hauv lub siab txo. Lub kaw lus muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis, lub hwj rotating, lub rhaub dej da dej, thiab lub condenser. Cov qauv yuav tsum tau evaporated yog muab tso rau hauv lub rotating flask, uas yog ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub rhaub dej da dej. Raws li lub hwj rotates, cov kuab tshuaj evaporates thiab yog condensed los ntawm lub condenser, tawm hauv qab qhov xav tau solute. Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis tswj qhov tsis tshua muaj siab hauv lub cev, ua kom yooj yim evaporation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Evaporation
Evaporation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov kua rau hauv vapor los ntawm kev ua kom nws qhov kub thiab txias los yog txo qhov siab saum nws. Nyob rau hauv ib lub rotovap, cov qauv ua kua yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hwj rotating, feem ntau hu ua lub boiling flask los yog evaporation flask.
Kev sib hloov ntawm lub raj mis tsim ib zaj duab xis nyias ntawm cov kua nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub hwj. Qhov no ua rau cov cheeb tsam ntog mus rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, ua kom yooj yim evaporation.
Chav da dej
Lub rhaub dej kub uas muaj cov qauv yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub rhaub dej kub uas muaj cov dej kub xws li dej los yog roj. Cov chav da dej cua sov muab cov cua sov tswj rau cov qauv, ua kom nws kub thiab txhawb nqa evaporation.
Qhov kub ntawm lub rhaub dej kub tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tswj tau tus nqi ntawm evaporation thiab qhov kub ntawm cov qauv.
Condensation
Raws li cov qauv evaporates, cov vapors nce thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub condenser, ib co coiled raj feem ntau txias los ntawm ib tug circulating coolant, xws li dej los yog ib tug refrigerant.
Lub condenser txo qhov kub ntawm vapor, ua rau nws rov qab mus rau hauv cov kua dej. Cov kua condensed no tau sau rau hauv ib lub khob cais, hu ua lub khob tau txais los yog lub khob ntim dej.
Cov txheej txheem condensation zoo cais cov yam xav tau los ntawm cov qauv, tsom mus rau hauv lub khob tau txais.
Nqus Distillation
Ntau qhov kev teeb tsa rotovap suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev kom txo qis hauv qhov system. Txo qhov siab txo qis qhov kub ntawm qhov hnyav, tso cai rau maj mam evaporation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qauv ntsuas kub-rhiab, vim nws txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm thermal degradation lossis decomposition.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tsim thiab tswj lub tshuab nqus tsev xav tau, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau thaum lub sijhawm evaporation.
Teeb tsathiabKev npaj
Ua ntej dhia mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias rotovap raug teeb tsa kom raug thiab ntsuas. Pib los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntau yam khoom raws li cov neeg tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Tshawb xyuas cov dej xau lossis xoob fittings hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab kho tam sim ntawd. Thaum sib sau ua ke, sau cov cua sov da dej nrog cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog thiab teeb tsa qhov xav tau kub. Tshawb xyuas lub condenser rau txhua qhov blockages lossis impurities uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov condensation zoo.
Khiavlub Rotovap
Nrog rau kev teeb tsa tiav, nws yog lub sijhawm los tso covrotovap uarau hauv kev ua. Pib los ntawm kev muab cov qauv tso rau hauv lub khob tig, kom tsis txhob overfill kom tiv thaiv kev nchuav. Txuas lub raj mis rau lub condenser thiab hloov ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev twj kom pib txheej txheem evaporation. Kho qhov kev sib hloov ceev thiab cua sov kub raws li xav tau kom ua tiav qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov evaporation yam tsis muaj overheating tus qauv. Saib xyuas qhov kev nce qib ze, ua ib qho kev hloov kho uas tsim nyog nyob rau hauv txoj kev.
Kev nyab xeebCov kev ceev faj
Thaum ua haujlwm arotovap ua, kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Vim muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwm sim los ntawm kev tuav cov kuab tshuaj volatile thiab kub kub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsim nyog. Hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej, nrog rau cov hnab looj tes, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub tsho (lab) los tiv thaiv kev phom sij. Xyuas kom muaj qhov cua zoo hauv chav kuaj kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa taws thiab vapors. Tsis txhob tso lub rotovap mus rau qhov tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab ib txwm ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim los tuav cov khoom phom sij.
Kev tuthiab ntxuav
Txhawm rau ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm koj lub rotovap thiab ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev tu thiab tu tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab txhua qhov kev siv, ua tib zoo ntxuav lub rotating flask, condenser, thiab cua sov da dej nrog cov kuab tshuaj uas tsim nyog thiab detergents. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv rau cov cim qhia ntawm kev hnav lossis kev puas tsuaj, xws li hnav cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj lossis cov khoom siv corroded, thiab hais rau lawv tam sim ntawd. Periodically lubricate txav qhov chaw los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm du. Tsis tas li ntawd, teem caij kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas ntsuas txhua hnub txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm ua ntej lawv nce ntxiv.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, lubrotary evaporatoryog ib tug ntau yam cuab yeej uas plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog nws cov qauv kev khiav hauj lwm thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv nws lub zog los txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rov qab mus rau kev sib xyaw ua kom huv, rotovap muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tshawb pom. Nrog rau kev mob siab, kev saib xyuas, thiab lub qhov muag zoo rau kev nyab xeeb, kev taug kev ntawm kev paub txog rotovap tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsig taug txuj kev nyuaj hauv kev nrhiav kev paub thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/chemistry/reactive-purification-with-a-rotary-evaporator
https://www.buchi.com/en/blog/7-steps-in-rotary-evaporation
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Laboratory_Techniques/ Basic_Laboratory_Techniques/Siv_a_Rotary_Evaporator