Nruab nrab lossis cov khoom uas tuaj yeem siv tau thiab siv tsis tau hauv iav Reactor

Raws li ib qho kev sim siv cov cuab yeej siv, lub reactor muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv ntau qhov chaw, xws li chemistry, biology, chaw muag tshuaj, thiab lwm yam, rau ntau yam inorganic thiab organic synthetic tshuaj, sib tov, dilution, dissolution, nag lossis daus, extraction thiab lwm yam kev sim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lubiav reactorkuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, pob tshab zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev nyab xeeb siab, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov reactor hauv chav kuaj thiab kev tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, tshuaj iav reactor ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv chav kuaj thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ua haujlwm.

Thaum siv cov khoom siv iav reactor, kev ua haujlwm tsis raug lossis cov khoom siv tsis zoo yuav ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm lossis ua rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm luv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog los yog cov khoom siv thaum siv iav tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.

Media los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv iav reactor kettle

Cawv

 

Xws li ethanol, methanol, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis tshuaj, xws li esterification thiab etherification.

 

Cawv yog ib hom organic compound, thiab nws cov qauv molecular muaj hydroxyl (-OH). Cawv tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm hydrogenation ntawm hydrocarbons lossis lwm cov organic compounds nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalysts. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms txuas nrog hydroxyl pawg, cawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols thiab lwm yam.

Cov dej cawv monohydric feem ntau suav nrog methanol (CH3OH) thiab ethanol (C2H5OH), uas yog siv dav hauv cov organic synthesis, dissolution thiab extraction hauv chav kuaj thiab kev tsim khoom.

Diatomic cawv yog hais txog cov cawv cawv uas muaj ob pawg hydroxyl hauv cov molecule, xws li ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), uas yog siv dav hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li hnyav, lubricant, coolant, hluav taws kub retardant thiab lwm yam.

Tri-alcohols muaj peb pawg hydroxyl, xws li glycerol (C3H8O3), thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, thickeners thiab humectants.

Cawv muaj ntau yam ntxwv, xws li muaj zog polarity, yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam organic thiab inorganic. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau cov cawv siv dav hauv cov tshuaj synthesis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib cais, kev rho tawm, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm.

Ethers

 

Xws li diethyl ether thiab dimethyl ether, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis thiab dissolution tshua.

 

Ethers yog ib yam ntawm cov organic tebchaw, uas nws cov qauv molecular muaj cov pa atoms txuas ob lub saw hlau los yog hydrocarbon pawg. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm ethers yog RO-R', qhov twg R thiab R' sawv cev rau pawg organic.

Ethers tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no raws li tus lej thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm pawg organic hauv lawv cov molecules:

Symmetric ether (symmetrical diether): Ob pawg organic tib yam, xws li diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5).

Asymmetric ether (asymmetric diether): Ob pawg organic sib txawv, xws li methyl ethyl ether.

Aromatic ether: Ib lossis ob pawg organic hauv ether yog cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, xws li phenyl ether (C6H5OC6H5).

Ether compounds kuj tseem ruaj khov hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov ethers xws li diethyl ether thiab dimethyl ether yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab zoo solubility. Ethers tau siv dav hauv kev sim thiab kev lag luam, suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj, cov tshuaj extractants, catalysts, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv intermediates thiab lwm yam.

• Dej: Raws li qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab, dej yog dav siv hauv tshuaj synthesis, reagent npaj thiab lwm yam kev sim.
• Cov kua qaub: Qee cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, xws li dilute sulfuric acid thiab hydrochloric acid, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv iav reactors.
• Kev daws: suav nrog ntau yam kev daws teeb meem, xws li sodium ntsev tov, ammonia dej tov, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua kom yaj cov reagents lossis catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Media los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tsis tau rau hauv iav reactors

1. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas cov kua qaub thiab alkali hloov, vim hais tias cov iav tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle yuav corroded los ntawm acid los yog alkali.

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acid-base alternation yog hais txog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas acid thiab base exchange Cheebtsam los tsim ntsev thiab dej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog hu ua neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog H + thiab OH- ua ke los ua dej, los yog acid + alkali → ntsev + dej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ntsev thiab dej tsis tas yuav yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization.

Thaum cov kua qaub ua tau raws li alkali, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization tshwm sim, ua rau ntsev thiab dej. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov kua qaub thiab alkaline ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali, thiab lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib leeg cov khoom thiab tsim cov khoom nruab nrab.

Feem ntau hais lus, muaj zog acid thiab lub hauv paus muaj zog yuav hnov ​​​​mob ua ntej, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj zog acid thiab muaj zog puag, thiab thaum kawg tsis muaj zog acid thiab qaug zog. Qhov no yog vim muaj zog acid thiab lub hauv paus muaj zog muaj cov qib ionization siab thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ceev, thiab cov ntsev thiab dej uas tsim tawm tau sib cais tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab lub hauv paus muaj zog, cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog yog qhov qeeb, vim tias lawv cov qib ionization tsawg, thiab cov qib dissociation ntawm ntsev thiab dej ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tsawg.

2. Hydrofluoric acidlos yog cov khoom siv los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj fluoride ions ntawm txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab qhov kub thiab txias, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov iav hauv cov iav reactor, ua rau cov khoom puas.

3. Ibalkalinenruab nrab lossis cov khoom siv nrog tus nqi PH ntau dua 12 thiab qhov kub siab tshaj 80degree, vim tias lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau rau lub iav reactor thiab ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.

4. Ibphosphoric acidnruab nrab lossis cov khoom siv nrog qhov siab tshaj 30% thiab qhov kub siab tshaj 180degree, vim tias lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau rau lub iav reactor thiab ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.

5. Thaum lubkub hloov sharply, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov plooj (porcelain tawg) thiab ua rau cov khoom puas. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov cua sov lossis cua txias thaum siv los tiv thaiv kev txias thiab cua sov.

Yog tias tsis muaj lub tswv yim seb koj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv iav reactor, tsuas yog xa email rau peb ntawmsales@achievechem.com, peb yuav pab koj.