Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Bioreactor thiab Tshuaj Reactor
Nov 03, 2023
Tso lus
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reactors thiab bioreactors nyob rau hauv lawv tsim thiab siv.
Cov tshuaj reactor yog ib yam khoom siv los ua cov tshuaj chemical. Nws feem ntau muaj ib lub thawv uas muaj cov reactants, catalysts, thiab media. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reactor yog kom tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qee yam mob. Lub bioreactor yog ib yam khoom siv los ua cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov txheej txheem. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los muab cov kev loj hlob zoo thiab ib puag ncig los txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob lossis cov hlwb. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm bioreactor yog tsim cov khoom tsim nyog, xws li cov protein, cellular metabolites, lossis lwm yam khoom siv roj ntsha, los ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reactors thiab bioreactors nyob rau hauv lawv tsim thiab siv. Cov tshuaj reactors feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los txhawb cov txheej txheem lom.
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Cov qauv tsim ntawm cov tshuaj reactors feem ntau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
1. Xyuas kom meej tiascov molecules ntawm lub reactant muaj ib tug sib npaug zos nyob lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub reactor, yog li ntawd cov concentration thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm cov reactant nyob rau hauv tej taw tes nyob rau hauv lub reactor tsis hloov nrog lub sij hawm, tsuas yog nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm lub raj.
2. Reactors muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawmntim me me, loj tshwj xeeb thaj chaw, thiab loj tshav kub hloov chaw rau ib chav tsev ntim, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog loj thermal teebmeem.
3. Vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ceev thiab cov nqi ntws ntawm cov reactants nyob rau hauv lub reactor, nws muaj peev xwm ntau lawm.
4. Reactors yog tsim rau loj-scale thiab tas mus li tshuaj lom neeg ntau lawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim cov tshuaj reactors kuj yuav tsum xav txog yam xws li kev khiav hauj lwm siab, qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom ntws thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi, thiab kev siv cov catalysts. Cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj reactors, xws li kettle reactors, raj reactors, ntauwd reactors, ruaj txaj reactors, thiab fluidized txaj reactors, txhua tus muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab siv tau.
Muaj ntau ntau hom tshuaj reactors, thiab cov hauv qab no yog ob peb hom tshuaj reactors:
1. Kettle reactor: Kettle reactor, tseem hu ua tank lossis pot reactor, yog hom reactor nrog cov qauv yooj yim thiab siv dav ntawm ntau lub reactors. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau homogeneous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv heterogeneous feem ntau hauv cov kua theem. Xws li heterogeneous kua theem, ua kua-kua theem, roj-kua theem, roj-kua khoom theem, thiab lwm yam pauv ntaus ntawv.
2. Tubular reactor: Hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg, kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm tubular reactor nrog qhov sib piv loj tuaj yeem kwv yees raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev hloov pauv hloov pauv reactor (PFR). Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ob qho tib si kua theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov pa roj theem. Vim nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev kub ntxhov, PFR tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov ntim me me, qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, tsawg dua backmixing, kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev tswj tau yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb, yuav tsum muaj cov kav dej ntev thiab kev poob siab loj.
3. Piston flow reactor: Tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub reactor no yog xav tias tsis muaj qhov rov qab sib xyaw (backmixing) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau lub reactor ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Lub reactant ntws raws qhov ntev ntawm lub raj, thiab lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub raj ntev. Nws cov concentration hloov nrog cov kev taw qhia ntws los ntawm ib ntu mus rau lwm qhov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom tshuaj reactors xws li multi tube parallel tube reactors thiab U-tube reactors.
Cov qauv tsim ntawm bioreactors feem ntau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
1. Haum rau kev cog qoob loo loj: Bioreactors muaj qhov ntim loj thiab thaj chaw, uas tuaj yeem muab qhov chaw txaus rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo loj.
2. Kev sib xyaw ua ke: Cov nyhuv sib xyaw ua ke hauv bioreactor yog qhov zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab cov metabolism.
3. Khaws ib puag ncig kom tsim nyog: Bioreactors feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tswj xws li qhov kub thiab txias, pH, thiab cov pa oxygen yaj, uas tuaj yeem tswj xyuas cov xwm txheej tsim nyog thiab pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab cov metabolism.
4. Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim: Kev ua haujlwm ntawm bioreactor yog qhov yooj yim, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim xws li pub mis, tso tawm, nplawm, thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias.
5. Haum rau ntau hom cell: Bioreactors yog tsim rau ntau hom cell, xws li kab mob, poov xab, tsiaj hlwb, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau hom cell.
6. Xyuas kom zoo ntawm cellular metabolites: Lub bioreactor tuaj yeem muab qhov tsim nyog ib puag ncig kom ntseeg tau tias ruaj khov thiab ua raws li cov cellular metabolites.
7. Zam kev ua qias tuaj: Cov qauv tsim bioreactor muaj kev ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug, xws li cov khoom siv sib khi, cov lim dej, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa phem sab nraud ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes.
Ntau hom bioreactors kuj muaj lawv cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, xws li nplawm tank bioreactors, uas muaj qhov zoo xws li kev sib xyaw siab thiab dav adaptability, thiab tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo loj; Lub airlift bioreactor, uas agitates cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab ntawm huab cua ncig, muaj qhov zoo xws li cov pa oxygen hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag; Lub immobilized cell bioreactor txais kev siv tshuab immobilization, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlwb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txuas ntxiv; Lub teeb bioreactor tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Common bioreactors:
1. Kev sib xyaw bioreactor: Hom reactor no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw kom zoo, kev hloov pauv dav dav, thiab tswj tau yooj yim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, pH, yaj cov pa oxygen, thiab cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv lub reactor, ua rau nws siv dav hauv kev cog qoob loo loj.
2. Airlift bioreactor: Los ntawm nplawm cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab los ntawm huab cua ncig, nws muaj cov pa oxygen hloov pauv tau zoo, cov qauv siv hluav taws xob yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
3. Immobilized cell bioreactors: muab faib ua packed txaj bioreactors thiab fluidized txaj bioreactors. Lub txaj ntim bioreactor feem ntau ua rau particle breakage thiab blockage vim yog compression ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv ib lub txaj bioreactor fluidized, lub zog ntawm cov kua dej yog siv los ua kom cov khoom txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv lub xeev raug tshem tawm, ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog shear ntawm cov kua thiab kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom feem ntau ua rau cov khoom puas thiab cov cell efflux.
4. Lub teeb bioreactor: Lub teeb pom kev zoo tau teeb tsa rau saum lub nplawm lossis airlift bioreactor, uas tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
5. Nruas bioreactor: Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ncua kev kawm ntawv, tsis tshua muaj shear ib puag ncig, siab oxygen muab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tiv thaiv cell phab ntsa adhesion, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm high-density cog suspended hlwb.
Cov ntsiab lus:
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reactors thiab bioreactors nyob rau hauv lawv tsim thiab siv. Cov tshuaj reactors feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum bioreactors feem ntau yog siv los txhawb cov txheej txheem lom. Cov tshuaj reactors feem ntau yuav tsum tau hnov mob hauv qhov kub thiab txias, thaum bioreactors feem ntau hnov mob ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj reactors yog sai dua, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm bioreactors qeeb dua. Cov concentration ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj reactors feem ntau yog siab, thaum lub concentration ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv bioreactors kuj tsawg. Lub selectivity ntawm cov tshuaj reactors yog tsawg, thaum lub selectivity ntawm bioreactors yog siab.