Capillary kem chromatography
2.Chromatogratographic Kem (Hloov Hom)
3.Chromatographic Tag (phau ntawv)
*** Daim ntawv teev npe rau tag nrho saum toj no, nug peb kom tau txais
Hauj lwm lawm
Kev tsis
Capillary kem chromatographyPuas yog cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas tau zoo heev hauv cov roj hauv roj chromatography (GC) cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev sib txuas sib xyaw. Tsis zoo li cov kab ntawv ntim, cov capillary txhua yog ntev, nqaim leeg nrog ib qho sab hauv los ntawm}}}}}}}}}}}. 1 txog 0.53 mm, coated nrog ib tug nyias nyob ruaj ruaj. Qhov kev tsim qauv no tseem ceeb txhim kho kev sib cais los ntawm kev txo cov band brougening thiab txhim kho kev daws teeb meem.
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm los ntawm vaporizing cov qauv thiab qhia nws mus rau hauv cov roj carier. Raws li cov qauv taug kev los ntawm kem, kev cuam tshuam nrog theem nyob ruaj khov ua rau muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv, kev ntsuas pom tseeb thiab muaj nuj nqis.
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv liaj teb xws li kev tsom xam ib puag ncig, forensic science, petrochemicals, thiab zaub mov thiab noj thiab tsw app. Nws lub peev xwm los muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws txog cov lus sib xyaw ua ke ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev tswj hwm zoo, thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua raws.
Chaw ua uas tsis tau haus
Hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic
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DNA tsom xam thiab forensic genotyping
CE cais DNA tawg raws lawv qhov loj-them piv txwv nyob rau hauv tus cawv. Hauv cov ntawv thov forensic, DNA rho tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum scene cov qauv yog thawj qhov ua tiav siv PC los ua kom muaj peev xwm tsom xam. Daim ntawv sau cov ntawv sau ua ke, uas muaj cov DNA tawg ntawm qhov ntev, yog tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv lub capillary raj muaj cov khoom sib cais (feem ntau yog cov tshuaj nruab nrab (feem ntau yog cov tshuaj polymer). Thaum ib daim teb hluav taws xob tau thov, qhov tsis zoo them cov DNA tawg tawg tsiv los ntawm cov capillary ntawm anode. Me dua Fraster txav dua tshiab dua li cov neeg tsawg dua vim tsis tshua muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm lub sieving sieving, uas ua rau sib cais raws qhov loj me.
- CL (luv tandem rov ua dua) kev tsom xam: CE yog instrumental hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov tub cim, uas yog cov kab polymorphic ntawm cov genome siv rau ib qho kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau kev tsom xam ibtultovous ntawm ntau strci, txhim kho lub zog kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm forensic DNA.
- Mitochondrial DNA tsom xam: CE kuj tseem ua haujlwm rau cov sequencing mitochondrial DNA, uas yog tshwj xeeb yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis tsis muaj kev ua rau plaub hau lossis cov pob txha plaub hau.
Toxicology thiab Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas
Capillary kem chromatographyYog siv dav hauv kev ua kom toxicology los txheeb xyuas thiab kom ntsuas cov tshuaj, tshuaj lom, thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv kev kuaj mob. Nyob rau hauv forensic lub tuam tsev, nws muab cov txiaj ntsig txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj tseeb uas tuaj yeem siv ua pov thawj hauv tsev hais plaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev kawm cov metabolism, faib khoom, thiab kev tshawb xyuas cov qauv tshiab rau kev ntsuas tshuaj tshiab.
- Kev Ntsuas Tshuaj: CGC, thaum coupled nrog huab hwm coj spectrometry (GC-MS), yog tus qauv kub rau tshuaj ntsuam nyob rau hauv forensic lub chaw soj ntsuam. Nws tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau yam tshuaj, nrog rau cov tshuaj tsis zoo (piv txwv li cov yeeb tshuaj tsis zoo, heroin, amphetamines), cov tshuaj noj, thiab lawv cov metabolites.
- Postmortem Toxicology: CE thiab CGC tau siv los soj ntsuam cov ntshav, cov zis, thiab cov nqaij kuaj ntawm cov tib neeg uas tau tuag los txiav txim siab ntawm kev tuag lossis muaj cov tshuaj lom.
Hluav Taws Kub Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav arson, nws tau ua haujlwm tshawb xyuas cov khib nyiab hluav taws rau qhov muaj cov kua hluav taws kub.
Tshwj xeeb cov roj chromatography (GC) nrog cov capillary (GC) nrog cov capillary (gc) nrog rau cov capillary (muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv ntawm cov dej ntws tawm. Cov kua dej no, xws li roj av, roj, thiab cov xim nyias, thiab xim nyias nyias, muaj cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm hydrocarbons thiab lwm yam kev sib xyaw. Txoj kev nqaim nqaim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov capillary cov kab ntawv tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus boiling, polarities, thiab sib cuam tshuam nrog theem nyob ruaj ruaj.
Cov capillary txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo thiab kev daws teeb meem, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov twg yog qhov tsawg. Lub siab rhiab ua rau cov kab lus ntawm cov kua dej no, thaum lub siab daws teeb meem ntawm cov khoom sib cais zoo thiab muaj tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntshiab.
Hauv ntau lub chaw soj ntsuam chaw soj nstuam, nws yog txuas nrog cov huab hwm coj ntau ntxiv (MS) los ua tus txheej txheem GC-MS muaj zog GC-MS. Qhov kev sib xyaw no muab ob qho kev sib cais ntawm cov chromatography thiab cov txheej txheem elucidation elucidernilation muaj peev xwm ntawm cov huab hwm coj hluav taws xob. GC-MS tuaj yeem lees tias muaj cov kua dej tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv sib cais nrog cov uas nyob hauv cov txiaj ntsig hauv tsev hais plaub.
Hluav Taws Kub Cov Qauv Xaiv los ntawm Arson Sci scenes feem ntau muaj ntau yam ntawm cov nyom matrices, suav nrog tshauv, thiab lwm yam khoom sib txuas. Nws tuaj yeem sib cais cov kua hluavtaws uas tsis zoo los ntawm cov matrices no, txo kev cuam tshuam thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsom xam. Cov txheej txheem tseem tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev laus thiab huab cua ntawm cov kua roj uas yog li ntawd, uas tuaj yeem pab tau lub sijhawm ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov kua.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev tsom xam ntawm cov khib nyiab hluav taws feem ntau pom hauv tsev hais plaub raws li cov pov thawj scientific. Forensic toxicologist thiab cov kws tshuaj ntsuam uas tau kawm siv cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem muab cov lus pov thawj no tuaj yeem piav cov lus pom thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav riam.
Cov khoom tawg tawm
Nws yog siv los tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas cov seem uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav.
- Post-Meej cov kev txheeb xyuas: Tom qab qhov tawg, CGC tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov khib nyiab rau cov kab uas muaj cov khoom tawg xws li TNT, RDX, thiab nitroglycerin. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev rau kev txiav txim siab hom tawg thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
- Kev ntsuas ib puag ncig: CE thiab CGC kuj tau siv los soj ntsuam cov hnoos qeev ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, dej, dej) rau kev tshawb xyuas ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis raug cai lossis chaw nres tsheb.
Xim thiab Fiber Kev Ntsuas
Nyob rau hauv forensic cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev soj ntsuam, nws tuaj yeem siv los sib piv cov xim thiab cov qauv fiber ntau.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Xim
Sib cais ntawm cov xim pleev xim: Nws tuaj yeem sib cais ntau cov khoom sib txawv, xws li pigments, binders, thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Qhov kev sib cais no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib piv cov xim ua piv txwv los ntawm kev ua txhaum scene nrog cov neeg uas raug lub tsheb lossis lwm yam.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov xim xim: Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov cais sib cais, cov kws tshawb fawb forensic tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov xim siv, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas rau qhov kev ua txhaum cai. Piv txwv li, qee cov xim ua tiav cov xim muaj xim yuav yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov tuam ntxhab lossis qauv tsheb.
Piv nrog cov qauv ntsuas: Nws tso cai rau kev sib piv ncaj ntawm cov xim pleev xim nrog cov qauv siv los ntawm cov qauv paub. Qhov kev sib piv no tuaj yeem pab kev txiav txim siab yog tias ib qho xim xim pom ntawm qhov xwm txheej ua txhaum ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus neeg phem lub cuab yeej.
Kev Ntsuas Fiber Ntau
Sib cais ntawm fiber ntau dyes thiab ntxiv: Thaum lub sij hawm nws tsis yog feem ntau siv los soj ntsuam cov qauv fiber ntau, nws tuaj yeem pab tau nyob rau hauv kev sib cais thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tuag thiab ntxiv rau hauv cov fibers. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tseem ceeb hauv kev sib piv cov fibers pom ntawm qhov kev ua txhaum cai nrog cov neeg uas tsis ntseeg cov khaub ncaws lossis lwm cov ntawv.
Cov tswv yim tau ua tiav: Hauv fiber kev tsom xam, feem ntau nws siv tau ua ke nrog lwm cov tswv yim, xws li me me metercy thiab spectroscopy. Cov ntawv me me tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, thaum lub sij hawm spectroscopy tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws ua kom yooj yim cov tswv yim no los ntawm muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov tebchaw tshwj xeeb tam sim no hauv cov fibers.
Txhim kho kev ntxub ntxaug kev ntxub ntxaug: Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov tuag thiab ntxiv rau hauv cov fibers, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj fiber ntau. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv cov rooj plaub uas cov fibers los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yuav tshwm sim zoo ib yam li lub tshuab tsom tab sis muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv tab sis muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv.
Cov number case thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Capillary Electrophoresis yog siv nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv ua kom pom cov ceg thiab txiav txim siab lawv lub hnub nyoog lossis muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Nyob txawv
Kev tsom xam ntawm qhov tuag thiab cov pigments: Inks muaj ntau yam dyes thiab cov xim uas tuaj yeem sib cais thiab txheeb xyuas siv CE. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim sib txawv, cov qauv, lossis cov kab xev raws lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov lus nug, xws li cov tshev forged, kev cog lus, lossis cov nyiaj txiag cuav.
Cais Misis: CE cais cov pa tsw qab ua haujlwm raws li lawv lub txim-rau-loj piv nyob rau hauv tus cawv. Qhov tsis zoo them tus cwj pwm sib xyaw los ntawm txoj hlab ntsha nqaim mus los ntawm anode, nrog me dua molecules txav nrawm dua li cov nqi them tsawg dua lossis tsawg dua cov nqi them tsawg dua lossis tsawg dua cov nqi them tsawg dua lossis tsawg dua cov nqi them. Cov kev sib cais no tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb forensic los tsim cov kev coj ua "ntiv tes" rau txhua tus lej ink.
Kev laus ntawm inks
Kev kuaj pom ntawm cov khoom lag luam: Sij hawm dhau sijhawm, Inks tuaj yeem yauv tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua haujlwm rau ib puag ncig xws li lub teeb, kub thiab av noo thiab av noo. CE tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas thiab ntsuas cov khoom lag luam ua haujlwm no, muab cov kev pom rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus number cas. Piv txwv li, qee qhov tuag yuav tawg rau hauv me dua, ntau dua cov tebchaw uas tuaj yeem sib cais thiab txheeb xyuas siv CE.
Kev Tshaj Tawm: Los ntawm kev sib piv cov inks ntawm cov inks tshiab nrog cov neeg los ntawm cov lus nug, cov kws tshawb fawb forimic tau kwv yees tias nws phim rau hnub tim ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas lub sijhawm uas lub sijhawm tsim lossis kev hloov pauv tsis sib haum.
Kev tsim kho yav tom ntej
1. Kev tu tus kheej sab hauv txheej phab ntsa txheej ntaub ntawv
Txo cov qauv cov qauv thiab cov kab mob sib kis: Ib qho ntawm cov kev cov nyom hauvcapillary kem chromatographyyog cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov qauv seem ntawm sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm sab hauv kab ntawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hla kev sib kis ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov txo qis hauv kem ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm. Kev txhim kho ntawm kev tu nws tus kheej sab hauv txheej phab ntsa cov khoom tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob khaub ncaws thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
Adjected kem lub neej: Txheej txheej nws tus kheej kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov capillary los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kev ua paug uas tuaj yeem txwv cov kev ua tau zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi txuag rau forensic lub chaw soj nstuam, raws li tsawg dua cov kab yuav tau hloov sijhawm.
2. Txhim kho kev sib cais txuag hluav taws xob
TSHIAB THEEM: Kev siv cov khoom tshiab rau cov theem nyob ruaj ruaj hauv cov capillary tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cais los ntawm kev daws teeb meem zoo dua thiab daws teeb meem dav dav. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib cais, qhov twg muaj peev xwm cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov Khoom Siv Cov Khoom Siv: Cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv kom muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li lub zog thermal, thiab muaj zog ntxiv rau cov kev sib cais thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
3. Kev sib xyaw nrog cov txheej txheem kev paub siab
Compatibility nrog cov huab hwm coj hluav taws xob: Raws li nws feem ntau yog txuas nrog ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (MS) rau kev tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv, kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab uas muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov rhiab thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsom xam. Qhov no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tsim cov suab nrov keeb kwm yav dhau los yog cuam tshuam nrog ionization txheej txheem hauv MS.
Multidimensional tsom xam: Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm multidimensionalcapillary kem chromatographyCov tshuab, uas tuaj yeem muab txawm tias muaj kev sib cais siab dua lub zog thiab xaiv tau rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Cim npe nrov: capillary sab chromatography, Tuam Tshoj capillary capromatography cov chaw lag luam, cov chaw muag khoom, Hoobkas
Xa kev nug
